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Relationship between Natural Dehydration of Peanut Varieties(Lines)and Meteorological Factors and Fruit Traits
XU Shengnan;WANG Tengjiao;CHEN Chongpeng;QI Jianuo;YIN Yechao;ZHANG Yu;DONG Jingchao;TAN yan;LI Xueying;YU Shutao;If not promptly dried after harvest,peanuts are highly susceptible to frost damage,which leading to negative effects on their quality.29 high oleic acid and 2 conventional peanut varieties(lines) were used as material in this study.Peanut pods were harvested and sun-dried in the field, with moisture content measured to investigate the variations in pod dehydration rates among different varieties.The relationship between dehydration rates and meteorological factors as well as fruit traits of peanuts was analyzed.Results indicated that the dehydration rates varied among peanut varieties as ranging from 2.07 %/d to6.29 %/d.Cluster analysis at a squared Euclidean distance of 7 divided the 31 varieties into four categories:extremely fast dehydration as 6.29 %/d,fast dehydration as(4.31 %-4.79%)/d,moderate dehydration as(3.41 %-4.12 %)/d,and slow dehydration as(2.07%-3.16%)/d.The dehydration rate of peanut pods was significantly correlated with most of the studied meteorological factors.Based on stepwise regression and path analysis,the daily minimum temperature,average humidity,and the daily minimum soil temperature were identified as the primary meteorological factors influencing the pod dehydration rate,exhibiting significant negative correlations.The pod dehydration rate showed a significant positive correlation with both 100-pod mass and 100-kernel mass.Research indicated that peanut varieties(lines) with good comprehensive fruit traits and rapid dehydration rate include 21 NC20,Jihua136, Jihua2912 and 15 H109.
Identification and Evaluation of Continuous Cropping Tolerant Peanut Cultivars(Lines) and Correlation Analysis of Key Traits
ZHANG Xin-xin;MA Jun-qing;CHEN Na;PAN Li-juan;XU Jing;JIANG Xiao;YIN Xiang-zhen;ZHAO Xu-hong;LI Xue-ying;CHI Xiao-yuan;Re-planting problem has become a widespread issue constraining the sustainable development of the peanut industry.Therefore,systematic identification and evaluation of re-planting tolerant peanut cultivars,along with an indepth analysis of their correlations with key traits,are fundamental research urgently needed at present.In this study,15 peanut cultivars were planted in fields subjected to six,seven,and eight years of continuous cropping,respectively.Thirteen agronomic and yield-related traits were measured,and correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships among these traits.The results revealed significant correlations exist between agronomic and yield traits.Four principal components were extracted from the 13 trait groups by principal component analysis,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.31%.Membership function analysis identified the top three performing cultivars in the six-year continuous cropping field as Huayu917,Longhual0,and Huayu9116;in the seven-year continuous cropping field as Huayu9125,Huayu9112,and Huayu9116;and in the eight-year continuous cropping field as Huayu9112,Huayu33,and Huayu9121.Finally,through cluster analysis,four peanut cultivars with outstanding re-planting tolerance were comprehensively identified as Huayu9116,Huayu33,Huayu9121,and Huayu9112.Additionally,five cultivars with moderate re-planting tolerance were selected as Huayu9118,Huayu23,Huayu917,Huayu9125,and Huayu9117.Correlation analysis between cultivars and traits indicated that re-planting tolerant cultivars exhibit relatively stable yield and plant architecture traits.A theoretical basis for the selection and promotion of re-planting tolerant peanut cultivars are provided in this study.
Identification of Bacillus paralicheniformis A1 and Control Effect of Its Compound Microbial Inoculant on Peanut Pod Rot
TAN Xin-miao;FENG Li-na;WANG Xiao-han;XING Dan-run;LI Dong-hai;SONG Ya-hui;SUN Wei-ming;HAN Hui-ling;To provide a control strategy against peanut pod rot during the peanut pod-bearing stage,The strains with biocontrol effect on peanut pod rot pathogen Fusarium neosporum were screened by confrontation test.The taxonomic status of the target strain was determined through the morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characterization,and whole-genome sequencing analysis, which was identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis A1.Subsequently,a powdered microbial inoculant containing Bacillus paralicheniformis A1,Bacillus subtilis NXO3,and Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GF32 a was prepared with a viable count of 5.0 × 108 CFU/g for field application.Results demonstrated that Bacillus paralicheniformis A1 exhibited a phosphate solubilization rate of 1.12%,the yield of γ-polyglutamic acid reached 3.1 g/L,and showed a 49.83% inhibition rate against Fusarium neosporum XL-3-5.In field trials conducted in eastern Hebei,the application of 600 kg/ha of powdered microbial inoculant Ⅰ before rainfall resulted in the plot plant incidence rate(PPIR) of 33.81 %,control efficacy of 57.58%,and rotten pod rate of 17.44% in experimental field 1.While in experimental field 2,the PPIR was 18.21 %,control efficacy reached51.85 %, and rotten pod rate was 9.71 %.The control efficacy in both fields was significantly higher than that of the conventional control(P<0.05).In trials in central-southern Hebei,the average pod yield of different peanut varieties in the conventional control group was 5,354.4 kg/ha,whereas the application of 675 kg/ha of powdered microbial inoculant Ⅱbefore rainfall increased the average pod yield of different peanut varieties to 6,595.05 kg/ha,corresponding to a significant average yield increase of 20.88%.These results indicate that applying the compound microbial inoculant of Bacillus paralicheniformis A1 at the early occurrence of peanut pod rot can effectively control the disease and increase peanut yield, which provides technical support for the prevention and control of peanut pod rot.
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Peanut Peptides Preparation Using Plackett-Burman Combined Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activities
FENG Siyu;YU Lina;BI Jie;SONG Yu;GAO Yuan;WANG Luhui;JIANG Chen;DENG Xiangyuan;WANG Mingqing;In order to investigate the ultrasonic-assisted stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein isolate for the preparation of peanut peptides and evaluation of their antioxidant activities,single-factor experiment,steepest ascent experiment,and Plackett-Burman design were employed to screen four factors with significant effects(substrate concentration,enzyme dosage-Ⅰ.temperature,and enzyme dosage-Ⅱ).Subsequently,response surface methodology(RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was applied for further optimization.The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions(substrate concentration as 2.91%,enzyme dosage-Ⅰ as 0.83%,temperature as 54℃,enzyme dosage-Ⅱ as 0.38%),the theoretical values of peanut peptide nitrogen content and zinc chelation rate were 23.07 mg/mL and 38.73%,respectively.The experimental validation values were(23.51±0.36) mg/mL and(38.25±0.24) %,respectively,with all deviations within 2%.These findings indicate that the Plackett-Burman design combined with response surface methodology can effectively achieve ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis for preparing peanut peptides with high zinc-chelating activity.Additionally,the IC50 values of peanut peptides for molybdenum reducing power,hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity,and ferrous ion chelating ability were all below 5.00 mg/mL.The IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging capacity,cupric ion chelating ability,and ferric reducing power were all under 8.50 mg/mL,while those for superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation inhibition were 26.09 mg/mL and 31.57 mg/mL,respectively.Consequently,this study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of peanut peptides-derived zinc-chelating complexes with antioxidant activities.
Screening and Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Different Peanut Germplasms
YIN Yechao;CHEN Chongpeng;QI Jianuo;XU Shengnan;WANG Tengjiao;DONG Jingchao;ZHANG Yu;WANG Lifu;YU Shutao;To investigate the drought tolerance characteristics of different peanut germplasms,screen out the drought-tolerant germplasms,and establish evaluation criteria,25 peanut germplasms were utilized as materials in this experiment.The treatments of normal irrigation and drought stress were established in a rain-proof greenhouse, and the peanuts' photosynthetic characteristics,morphological indicators,and yield traits during the flowering and pegging stages were measured and analyzed, as well as a comprehensive drought resistance evaluation was conducted using principal component analysis,cluster analysis, membership functions,and the composite drought resistance coefficient(CDC).The results showed that drought stress significantly suppressed stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, while its effects on other photosynthetic parameters varied among germplasms.The average pod mass per plant decreased significantly for most germplasms, with agronomic traits exhibiting pronounced interspecific differences in response to drought stress.Principal component analysis optimized the original trait indicators into four new composite drought resistance indices,achieving a cumulative contribution rate of 81.65 %.Cluster analysis grouped the 25 peanut germplasms into three categories as drought-tolerant peanut materials(5 samples,20% of the total), moderately drought-tolerant peanut materials(11 samples,44% of the total),and drought-sensitive peanut materials(9 samples,36 % of the total).The research findings provide a material foundation and theoretical basis for the screening of drought-tolerant germplasm resources and the breeding of drought-resistant varieties.
Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Bacterial Community in Rhizosphere Soil and Yield of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Land
DING Hong;ZHANG Zhimeng;XU Yang;LIU Kaichang;The effects of four soil amendments(biochar,bio-organic fertilizer,gypsum, and silicon calcium fertilizer)on the yield traits,yield,and rhizosphere soil bacterial community of peanut in saline-alkali land were studied under field condition,and the treatment without amendment was used as the control(CK).The results showed that,compared with CK,the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil organic matter and available phosphorus content in saline-alkali peanut field,while the application of gypsum and silicon calcium fertilizer increased the soil available potassium content.Both biochar and bio-organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the pod number of double-kernels and fullkernels,total number of pods,and dry mass of pods per plant of peanut.The increase range of different amendments on peanut yield were by 5.48%,3.30%,0.55% and 2.85%,respectively.Pseudomonadota,Actinomycetota,Acidobacterota,Nitrososphaerota and Chloroflexota were the dominant bacterial phylum in the rhizosphere of peanut in saline-alkali soil,and different soil amendment treatments increased the abundance of Acidobacterota in the rhizosphere.Under different soil amendment treatments in saline-alkali soil,the abundance of dominant bacterial functional genes involved in bacterial quorum sensing,ABC transporter,and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis in the rhizosphere bacterial community were increased.It is speculated that these pathways may help improve the salt tolerance of peanut.Considering the comprehensive characteristics of peanut yield and rhizosphere bacterial community,biochar was identified as an appropriate soil amendment for peanut production in saline-alkali soil under the condition of this experiment.This study provides a theoretical basis for peanut production in saline-alkali soil.
Effects of Intercropping with Sugarcane on the Crude Fat and Fatty Acid Contents of High Oleic Acid Peanuts
LI Boyin;LIAO Guoting;GAO Zhongkui;HUANG Zhipeng;TANG Xiumei;WU Haining;JIANG Jing;HAN Zhuqiang;TANG Ronghua;HE Liangqiong;In order to explore the effects of sugarcane-peanut intercropping on the quality of high oleic acid peanuts,six high oleic acid peanut varieties(lines) were selected,and two planting modes as peanut intercropping with sugarcane(IP) and peanut monoculture(MP) were set up.The crude fat and fatty acid contents of peanut kernels were measured at four different stages(110 to 140 days) of pod ripening under the two planting modes.And the effects of intercropping with sugarcane conditions on crude fat and fatty acids of high oleic acid peanuts were analyzed.The results showed that:1) The fat content of all varieties showed a significantly lower level under intercropping compared to monocropping.2) The variations in fatty acid composition among different varieties showed slight differences.On the whole,under intercropping conditions,the contents of palmitic acid and linoleic acid increased,while the levels of arachidonic acid,behenic acid,and tetracosene decreased.The content of oleic acid remained stable with no significant differences.In summary,under intercropping conditions,the fat content of high oleic acid peanuts is lower than that under monoculture.The oleic acid content is relatively stable and less affected by planting mode.
Cloning and Preliminary Functional Analysis of AhRabF1 in Peanut
HU Weidong;GUAN Shuyan;ZHU Lifei;CHEN Jing;ZHANG Chushu;WANG Mian;ZHOU Haixiang;CAO Shining;ZHANG Jiancheng;TANG Yueyi;To explore the molecular mechanism of AhRabF1 gene regulating peanut resistance to early leaf spot disease,the peanut AhRabF1 gene was cloned in this study,and its complete coding region(CDS) was obtained,consisting of 603 base pairs(bp),encoding 200 amino acids with a protein molecular weight(MW) of 21.0 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI) of 6.16.Notably,no transmembrane structure was identified.Subcellular localization prediction results showed that the protein is hydrophilic and predominantly located in the cytoplasm.The expression pattern of this gene was analyzed using qRT-PCR,revealing that the gene exhibited the highest expression abundance in leaves.Furthermore,its expression level was higher in disease-resistant peanut materials than that in susceptible ones.Following infection by the pathogen,the expression of AhRabF1 initially increased and then decreased,reaching peak on the 9 th day of post-inoculation(DPI).To further elucidate the role of AhRabF1 in response to early leaf spot disease,virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) was employed to inhibit the gene expression in the disease-resistant material U1.The results indicated that the expression level of AhRabF1 in the leaves of gene-silenced plants was lower than that in the control group,ranging from 0.26 to 0.82 times the expression level of the control.Moreover,following pathogen inoculation,the disease resistance of the gene-silenced plants was significantly diminished.Therefore,it is hypothesized that the AhRabF1 gene may play role in peanut resistance to early leaf spot disease.
Study on the Control Effect of Trichoderma harzianum T102 on Peanut Fusarium Root Rot
ZHANG Lifang;As a green alternative to chemical methods,the use of beneficial microbes offers an eco-friendly approach for control of peanut root rot.The results of pot study showed that T.harzianum T102 could significantly inhibit the occurrence of Fusarium root rot and promote the germination rate of peanut seeds,with the control effectiveness reached68.7%,64.5% and 64.0%,respectively,and the germination rate reached 75.5%,72.5% and 69.5%,respectively.At maturity period,the control effect reached 70%,65.5% and 63.7%,respectively,and the seedling emergence rate reached 80.5%,76.5% and 71.8%,respectively,which had a significant inhibition effect on the abundance of Fusarium in rhizosphere soil.In the field trials conducted in Tangshan and Linyi,the application of T.harzianum T102 at the seedling,flowering,and pegging stages resulted in the lowest disease index comparing to the control,which recorded at 10.8(Linyi) and 9.4(Tangshan),respectively.This treatment also demonstrated a notable yield increase,reaching 7,558.5 kg/ha(Linyi) and 8,148 kg/ha(Tangshan),respectively.The results showed that the spraying treatment at three time points of seedling,flowering and pegging stages had the best effect on controlling peanut root rot.It was found that strain T102 had an impact on microbial populations and diversity in the rhizosphere.In both the shell and rhizosphere soil,Chloroflexi and Firmicute were the most abundant bacterial populations,and most bacterial populations were highly conservative.which play an important role in protecting soil health,peanut growth and development,and stress resistance.