Journal of Peanut Science

To analyze the main agronomic traits and seed quality characteristics of peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai region, 147 main cultivated peanut varieties were selected as experimental materials. The DUS(Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) test technique was used to investigate 21 visual traits and 8 measurable traits, as well as 16 seed quality indicators were determined. Comprehensive methods including genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the phenotypic traits and seed quality characteristics of peanut varieties in this region. The results showed that the peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai region exhibited high consistency in visual traits, e.g. all varieties had main stem flowering, sequential branching, and nearly cylindrical seeds without secondary color. At the same time, traits such as leaf color, seed skin and testa color still expressed rich diversity. The coefficient of variation for measurable traits ranged from 6.74% to 18.44%, with main stem length, lateral branch length, and branch number showing greater variation, while kernel-fruit ratio and leaflet length were relatively stable. The mature seeds of the tested peanut varieties generally had high oil content(51.64%) and widely varied crude protein content(18.64%-32.49%), the oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a highly significant negative correlation(-0.99), and crude protein had highly significant positive correlations with phenylalanine and arginine(0.99 and 0.98). Cluster analysis divided the varieties into four groups: Group I had high kernel-fruit ratio and high oil content; Group II had tall plants with high protein and amino acid content; Group III exhibited balanced traits; Group IV had prominent oleic acid content. This study systematically reveals the consistency and diversity characteristics of the main peanut varieties in the Huang-Huai region, providing a scientific basis for precision breeding and sustainable development of the peanut industry.